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ANALYZING PERSUASIVE APPEALS IN ADVERTISEMENTS: 2002
part b

Contents

Hydroxycut
MSN
Proactiv
Roxio
Target

previous page for Advil , Bravada , Eucerin , Goodnites , GranGala

Ad Analyses: 2000

Click on the small image of each ad to see a larger version. 


Hydroxycut ad Hydroxycutsm.jpg (13454 bytes)

analysis by Amy Murphy

Shape magazine is a monthly publication devoted to women’s fitness.  This magazine features a variety of articles and print ads that focus on diets, exercise, and beauty.  The current January issue published an ad for a new weight pill called Hydroxycut. This product promises to increase energy and decrease weight with a 100% natural, clinically proven formula.

Hydroxycut’s one page layout catches the eye with vibrant colors and pictures.  Approximately 70% of this ad is dedicated to the use of images.  A before-and-after picture of a woman by the name of Marla is situated toward the center of the page with bold print that reads, "I lost 35 Lbs!"  The before picture seems to show Marla at home prior to her weight loss with unkempt hair and no trace of make-up.  The after photo that is juxtaposed against this has a much thinner Marla posing with defined muscles, heavy make-up, and a new hair style.  This contrast is meant to visually shock the readers and pique their interest in this apparent miracle drug.  The left of this ad is composed of yet another after picture of Marla looking extremely fit and exposing her mid-section.   These pictures seem to serve as a visual testimony that conveys to the reader, "Look at me!  If I can do it, you can do it!"  The actual product is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of the ad with a text inscription of what Hydroxycut claims to do.  To the left of this is  the smallest image on the page. This picture features an attractive female doctor who apparently recommends Hydroxycut because she has used it herself.  Once again, the reader is shown the wonderful results of this revolutionary formula and is presented with the "expert" opinion of the person we are supposed to trust the most–-a doctor.

A majority of the text in Hydroxycut’s ad is composed of highly dramatic testimonials.  The headline is the largest black front on the page and reads "Losing 35 pounds was so easy with Hydroxycut!"  The quotation marks alert the reader that this is a personal declaration. Furthermore, the words "so easy" are underlined and italicized in order to drive home the convenience appeal of this product.  Beneath the headline is Marla’s complete testimonial in a smaller red font.  The first sentence of this paragraph is clearly an effort to identify with the masses.  Marla says "like millions of women across America I struggled to lose weight."  Here she is telling the reader that she used to have the same troubles that they do until Hydroxycut changed her life.  She then states, "I quickly lost 35 pounds of ugly fat from my waist, butt and thighs."  The word "ugly" is quite harsh and could produce a negative effect on the confidence of the reader if he or she carries a couple of extra pounds.  Marla concludes her testimony by expounding about how wonderful Hydroxycut is and how it has transformed her life and could do the same for the reader. The combination of such an impressive statement and striking photos is a very influential selling technique.  This ad is quite a dominant appeal to pathos. The issue fo weight and self-conceot entails emotion on many levels.

The paragraph in the center of the layout is an address to the reader from he makers of Hydroxycut.   The first sentence reads, "Hydroxycut has quickly become one of the most popular weight-loss products for men and women all across America."   The makers of this product are trying to get the reader to believe everyone is using their product so iti must be effective.  The celebrity factor then comes into play with the sentence that states, "It has been featured on commercial TV networks nationwide, and used by television actors, fashion models, and thousands of Americans for one reason--it works!"  Readers now are being asked to believe that they can look like a model or actor simply by including Hydroxycut in their lifestyle.  The claim that Hydroxycut will give you "fast, natural weight loss" is restated once more.    However, this phrase seems to be an oxymoron.   Common sense tells us that natural weight loss does not occur rapidly.

The very bottom of the page contains two lines of small font with an explanation of the asterisk which appears through the ad.    Here we learn that, "Results are not typical and depend on your diet and training program."  This is the first mention of diet and exercise on the page.   Until now, this ad has been rather deceptive because it has been trying to convnce the reader that Hydroxycut was the key ingredient to permanent weight loss. The disclaimer also mentions that. "average weight loss expected is 8.4 lbs in 8 weeks."   Losing one pound a week should not be considered fast.  The makers of this product have taken an individual that supposedly had remarkable success with their product and they have exploited their results.

This ad is quite misleading to the public and employs a number of illusive persuasion techniques. Hydroxycut’s campaign offers many false promises while inflating the hopes of the reader.  The quick-fix approach has been successful for a number of weight-loss products in the past.  The manufacturers of this product obviously hope to attract consumers by preying on their emotions as well as their wallets.


MSN ad msnsm.jpg (9459 bytes)
analysis by Ryan Clark

The persuasive strategies I initially noticed in the advertisement are mainly directed towards the occupied parent or responsible person.  The picture of the twin boys implies they are having a good time with a need to be raised properly.   The dashed-line offers questions that a parent or parents may have regarding their personal sanity (money), as well as teaching their children valuable lessons (People & Chat), such as sharing.  The curving line continues and touches on available information on hyperactivity (Search), and purchasing books on raising twins (Shopping).   The final icon in the sequence is the MSN icon, which offers a way to obtain all the information mentioned.

The sentence, "MSN has everything you need . . . and everything you want when you get there," appeals to the reader's pathos, or emotional appeal.  It appeals to the rational person who is looking for the next "upgrade" or "better" way to access the Internet. It gives the impression that the online subscriber will have no more worries while using the Internet through MSN.

The curving of the dashed-line along with the children playing implies not only that you can find  endless amounts of information, but also that you will have fun doing it.  This idea appeals to the logos of the person reading the ad. The open sky that encompasses around 90% of the ad offers feelings of freedom and endless possibilities. The text is small and aligned to the right, directing  the reader to notice the twins playing while reaching up into the open sky.

The slogan "More Useful Everyday" offers the final and most important reason to subscribe to MSN; it always updates.   There are also a suggestive phrases in the text, such as, "Built with advanced technology," "the most popular E-mail and Search," and "a great alternative to AOL." The three italicized words appeal to three different types of people.  "Advanced" appeals to the intellectual who desires to have the most recent updates in software. "Popular" attracts people concerned with having the software with the best chance of impressing others.  Finally, "alternative" appeals to the sub- and counter- cultures.

I give this ad an 8 because it is fun and has the tendency to enhance the mood of the reader. The ad also includes a wide audiences and does its best to include the various types of people who use the internet.


 

Proactiv ad proactivsm.jpg (8142 bytes)
analysis by Anna Belue

This ad is being delivered by two different people, a person who has used the product and a doctor who is promoting the product.  Pictures of the doctors who created the product   appear in the ad.  Words such as "our" and "we’ll" lead the audience to believe that the ad is written by the doctors that created the product although I am unsure which one is actually doing the speaking.

The speaker sounds like an experienced doctor, either Dr. Kathy Fields or Dr. Katie Rodan.  The speaker sounds polite and confident.  When the speaker gets the money back guarantee,  the voice seems to change somewhat, becoming more sure of itself and a little more stern.

The speaker's voice sounds like it is more into intimate conversation because it is being delivered by a woman who is a doctor.  Usually a doctor is someone you trust with your personal health and whom you confide in about things you would not necessarily talk to someone else about.  A doctor is usually understanding and sympathetic and sure that the cure that they give for an ailment will work.

The doctors who are pictured are pretty and blemish free, which gives you the impression that if you use this product, you, too, will be pretty and blemish free.  Also, since they are dermatologists, trained at Stanford, their rapport sends a message of apparent sincerity. 

The speaker in the ad is more knowledgeable about the product than the audience because the speaker is the one who designed this product.  The speaker is very proud of  this product because of what it can do for you and because it was created by her and her partner.  There are no indications that the audience should not trust the speaker's message because the doctor that designed the product is the one promising it, and presumably she would not promote it if she did not believe in it herself.

The advertisement is addressed to people with acne. I believe the speaker of this ad imagines the reader to be a woman somewhere between the ages of 16-40+.  The ad was in a woman’s magazine, which of course attracts women to the ad, but the ad could also attract women to buy it for someone that they know, for instance their children, male or female.  The ad shows a 31-year-old woman who is praising the product.  She is a mother who cares about her children and her husband and what they think of her appearance.  Her letter recounts her successful use of the product and how much it helped her outgoing personality that was hidden before because of her acne.

The advertisement expects its readers to be somewhat intelligent, because the majority of the ad is in written form and it covers the entire page.  If you did not read the ad, you would basically not get the point of the product, unless you figured it out just by looking at the before-and-after picture of the woman who used the product.  The ad targets audiences that care about their appearance.  I would include myself as part of this audience, and if I was in need of this product, I would certainly take the time to read about it in the ad.

The need the ad is addressing is the need of feeling confident about your appearance in the eyes of yourself and others. The need is directed to the emotions, feeling happy and confident about yourself and your appearance because you have clear skin. The picture in the ad targets those with acne who can be cured by using this product. The ad shows a picture of an unhappy-looking woman with acne.  The next picture shows the same woman with clear skin and a big smile on her face after she has used this product.  This ad suggests that if you are unhappy with your complexion, use this product and then you will be happy.

To encourage readers to call the number provided to order the product, the ad shows the testimony of a woman who has used the product with successful results.  Her letter is handwritten, thereby making the ad more believable.   It also shows a picture of the woman to back up its reliability.  The rest of the ad shows a picture of the dermatologists who created the product, giving an impression of scientific authenticity as they explain why this product will work.  It also offers a money-back guarantee: even if you have used the entire product, you can just send the empty bottles back for a refund if you are not satisfied.

The audience is attracted to this ad because of the picture of the woman with acne and then without acne after she has used the product.  Feelings of embarrassment and self-confidence are played upon.  The most prominent modes of persuasion are the pictures and the testimony of one of its successful users.

The direction used in this ad is not above the target audience's head.  Even though it is presumed to be written by doctors, words are carefully chosen to give a sympathetic and understanding connotation to the problem being addressed. 


 

Roxio ad roxiosm.jpg (12084 bytes)
analysis by Melissa Hill

I found this ad for a Roxio CD burner in Maxim, a men’s magazine.   The first thing that caught my eye was the complete chaos--books, papers, photographs, and files dominate the ad, even serving by way of a coordinated tan color scheme to obscure the man in the center of the ad. The chaos invites a closer look, and I found myself examining individual objects along the shelves and in the floor.  The overall concept of the chaos works well to reinforce that the man kneeling in the center of the page is a multi-talented, creative, intelligent individual with wildly divergent interests; he obviously needs something to pull them all together.  The man himself is a generic twenty-something "dude" with messy hair and an appropriately perplexed look on his face.  With his brown slacks and mock-old-fashioned shirt, he appears to be the sort of techie that can code software for days straight on nothing more than willpower and the occasional Code Red: Mountain Dew.  Like many of this new tech-oriented generation, he is a smartly sexy (or sexily smart) guy who has a life beyond this computer even though he’s obviously immersed in the technology. Thus the ethical cornerstone is laid out for the rest of the ad.

The text itself begins with "Get organized," and focuses on the convenience of the product and the reputation of the company that makes the product.  We are led to believe that the entire contents of this room could be stored on CD’s, which would fit into a neat little stack beside the computer in their nicely personalized jewel cases.  I do think it is amusing that they list "MP3s, vinyl, [and] cassettes" in order to make the list look longer, when "music" would have sufficed. (After all, they did not divide data into text data, game data, work data, etc..)  In any case, the CD burner has "Easy" in the title in another play on the product’s convenience.  An appeal to the smart tech consumer assures that Roxio’s product is "the best selling CD burning software in the world."  In a final appeal to vanity and a reminder of the software’s ease of organization, Roxio reminds you that you can even have "personalized jewel cases for each disc."  The text ends with a referral to the website, and a final note that Mac users won’t be left out in the cold-this is important in terms of the company’s image because Mac users are typically viewed as the rebels of the tech world, somewhere up there with Linux users.  (For example, note that the Mac program is called "Toast," a clever play on burning CD’s, while Windows is "Easy CD Creator," focusing on user-friendliness.)  Most software today favors Windows over Mac.  In an italicized addendum for those who are constantly upgrading their systems, Roxio states that the software is now XP compatible.   All of this text is offset into the picture itself, taking a fair-sized rectangular chunk out of the chaos; this strategy is more effective in terms of suggesting the software’s organizing abilities than pasting the text right into the picture.   This tactic leaves some much-needed white space in an otherwise-busy graphic.   Roxio’s emblem is a CD on fire (flames pointing to the text), set of course into the lower right hand corner of the page for maximum viewing potential.

This ad focuses largely on an ethical and logical appeal for the smart consumer.  Roxio is assuming that its audience knows a little bit about computers, and the man kneeling in the center of the room is the ethical image they would do best to project: that of the harried (though smart & attractive) techie.   It is an image most of us can identify with these days, especially when coupled with the projected image of a company that’s not just a bunch of stuffed-shirt execs--no, they know that personalized jewel cases and Mac users are important.   Logical appeals on the convenience of the product and reputation of the company reassure intelligent customers that Roxio is worthy of their attention. All in all, I think this is a successful ad.  I like it, which is one of the reasons I picked it.   I must admit that after reading the ad a couple of times, I had to log on to roxio.com to see what the product was all about.


Target ad targetsm.jpg (11352 bytes)

analysis by Becky Swart

Target Audience: readers of O (Oprah's magazine)--so primarily women in the 25-45 age range.

How this ad works:

This ad is successful because it works on many different levels. Ultimately, it offers the audience a way to feel better about spending money at Target by offering to donate a percentage of the bill to a second school of their choice. Why feel guilty about buying that new dress if you know 1% of it will go towards little Johnny’s elementary school?

Ethical Appeals:

The advertisement uses actress Marlee Matlin, a woman who has publicly struggled and succeeded in the entertainment industry today despite having the disability of being deaf.  Her hard–earned success gives her automatic credibility with the audience.

The teacher that influenced Matlin is a nun, Sister Jane Endee, and is pictured smiling and holding an old book, also lending a degree of credibility, since she is a woman of substantial religious belief who took the time to invest in the life of child with special needs.

The fact that Target is willing to put a portion of its earnings into an educational fund helps to increase its respectability with the audience.

Emotional Appeals

The picture of the two women smiling and sitting close together appeals to the emotions of the audience as it implies a close and personal relationship. Also included in the advertisement is a picture of Matlin when she was in sixth grade, giving the reader a literal sense of the "then" versus "now" image and the various accomplishments that she’s had since then.

The quotations that overlay the picture add to its emotional content: "Miss Endee said you don’t just listen with your ears" and "I learned to understand with my heart." In order to overcome the difficulties of having a disability, Miss Endee reached out in a special way to Matlin and helped her succeed.

Also appealing to the audience’s emotions are the feelings inspired by the success of overcoming difficulties, all due to the help of an involved teacher. Since Matlin can point to an individual teacher that has helped her to overcome difficulties in her life, it makes the readers think of teachers in their past who have influenced them.  The ad even directly addresses the individual reader when it asks, "Who’s your Miss Endee?" in red ink, at the bottom of the page.

Logical Appeals

This ad implies that if you have to go out and spend money at a store, you might as well be investing it in a good cause at the same time. Because of the strength of the ethical and emotional appeals in persuading the audience, this appeal does not have to be as strong.


English 5730 is taught by Dr. Richard Nordquist.
Armstrong Atlantic State University
Savannah, Georgia 31419
912/921 5991
e-mail: chiasmus@netzero.com
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08 January 2003